The Evolution of Dim in A Clockwork Orange - Literature Essay Samples

Alex is the central character in A Clockwork Orange. He is the narrator and the master/victim of the societal violence. Through Alex, Burgess expresses his theme which is that you cannot force a person to behave through external measures. The person must either decided to be good or not and there is ultimately nothing society can do to force virtue. Anthony Burgess spent much of his career complaining about the decision of the original American publishers to remove the 21st chapter where Alex decides to grow up and become a productive citizen. Yet, Alex’s existential journey from rapist to tightly controlled tool of society to grown-up is less indicative of a society out-of-whack than the non-journey of his â€Å"droogs† Georgie, Dim Pete who symbolize the followers who make up the social order – whether functional or dysfunctional. Of these three droogs, Dim is the most interesting one because in many ways, he is the perfect illustrations of what Hannah Arendt called â€Å"the banality of evil.† Dim Pete as Droogs In the early chapters, Georgie, Dim Pete are placed in the position of followers of Alex. There are several ways to interpret their importance in Alex’s life. Davis Womack state that they form a pseudo-family or the â€Å"dysfunctional interpersonal unit that problematizes Alex’s various efforts to establish selfhood and to transcend the violent landscapes of his youth† (22). In this way, the droogs are the first extended family of Alex. In the viewpoint of Burgess and many pundits, teenagers and young adults form familial bounds outside of their birth parents. In the context of this theory, Alex becomes the patriarch of a roving family of miscreants with Dim and Pete as only slightly misbehaving children in a milieu where good behavior is the defined as the ability to follow Alex’s violent lead. This is supported by the opening line in the book where Alex introduces himself and his crew with the statement â€Å"There was me, that is Alex, and my three droogs, that is Pete, Georgie and Dim, Dim being really dim† (7). In this family unit, there are definite scales with Dim as the one that delights Alex the most as the least articulate and dumbest member of the crew. He describes Dim as â€Å"not ever having much of an idea of things and being, beyond all shadow of a doubting Thomas, the dimmest of we four† (8). The critic Neil D Isaacs sees the essence of Clockwork Orange in the irony of the audience’s sympathy. According to Isaacs, Burgess is allowing us to see beyond the narrator’s mask. â€Å"We are made to sympathize with the willful against the imposed in spite of the extremes in which it is expressed†¦we despise the corruption and expedience of the opposition party while we cheer its platforms; that we despise Alex while we rejoice in th e restoration of his willful and violent self† (127). In this context, Dim Pete become the masks of Alex. They take their lead from Alex and they carry out his will or at least what they see as his will. Again Dim becomes the main reflection of Alex’s will and when there is a debate as to leave Dim behind, its Dim’s violence that works for him. Even then Alex cannot stop insulting Dim. â€Å"Dim was very very ugly and like his name, but he was a horrorshow filthy fighter and very handy with the boot† (9). At this point, Dim is merely a tool for Alex to use in his will. As long as Alex is the master of the pseudo-family Dim will remain the reflection of Alex’s violence. Pete and Georgie tend to reflect Alex’s more academic and cultural pursuits at points in the narrative but Dim remains Dim. In the scene where the droogs accost a man carrying books and take the books out of his arms, Dim does not receive a book. When Pete is passing around books and does not give one to Dim. In the book reading scene, Dim appreciates the prurient interests of the books and dismisses them as the work that can be appreciated by â€Å"nothing but a filthy-minded old skitebird† (12). At this point, Alex registers another complaint against Dim as someone who â€Å"goes too far† (12). Even as Alex takes great joy in dismissing Dim as the dumbest member of the crew, Dim also becomes a source of concern for Alex and Alex sees his own excesses reflected in Dim’s appearance. In the scene where Alex states â€Å"I didn’t like the look of Dim; he looked dirty and untidy, like a veck who’d been in a fight, which he had been, of course, but you should never look as you have been† (18), he fulfills both roles as a reflection of Alex and a virtual child. The droogs take Dim into an alleyway and smarten him up so that he can have the superficial appearance of the rest of the droogs. This characterization is driven home by the scene where â€Å"Poor old Dim kept looking up at the stars with his rot wide open† (24). Even as Dim is a child, he is sometimes a misbehaving child. When Dim makes a rude noise, Alex reaches over Georgie to hit him and when Dim asks him why he did it, Alex responds â€Å"For being a bastard with no manners and not the dook of an idea how to comport yourself publicwise, O my brother† (34). As far as Alex is concerned, this is a correction that one gives to a wayward and idiot child; however, this is the point where Dim pulls away from Alex and claims that they are no longer part of an extended family. Georgie takes the opportunity to encourage Dim’s waywardness by stating â€Å"if you don’t like this and you wouldn’t want that, then you know what to do, little brother† (34). In many ways this scene reflects the biological family with the children finding their independence and acting out. Alex can only see this as a challenge to his authority and he reacts by attempting to beat them into submission, but the reader who is familiar with the story can tell that this is the point where Alex loses the control of the artificial family. In many ways, Alex feels like he is driving them forward and their resistance appears to be only facial. After all, Alex can be forgiven for thinking that Dim and the rest will always follow him. Dim echoes Hannah Arendnt’s â€Å"famous character-judgment throughout about Eichmann being not a monstrous ideologue but a ‘thoughtless’ or basically ‘banal’ person who though knew, never realized what he was doing† (Kaposi 270). Without much of an issue, Alex brings Dim back into line by pounding all of the droogs into submission â€Å"so they knew now who was master and leader, sheep, thought I† (60). It is only when Alex is arrested that he rids himself of his family in the least convincing manner possible. â€Å"Georgie and Dim and Pete. No droogies of mine, the bastards† (72). Alex’s attempt to distance himself from his pseudo-family is partially true since they have abandoned him to be arrested. Dim Changes Roles After Alex has been â€Å"treated† for his violent tendencies in a way that keeps Alex from using violence without becoming physically nauseous, he again encounters Dim in a way that allows Alex to know that the world has changed for him. He is assaulted by vagrants who recognize him and is rescued by two police officers that he recognizes as â€Å"old Billyboy, my old enemy. The other was, of course, Dim, who had used to be my droog and also the enemy of stinking fatty goaty Billyboy† (160). As far as Alex is concerned, this is a betrayal of the family that he established in the beginning. This is depicted as a lesson to Alex that there is no longer an easy adolescent method of understanding the world. His enemies and his friends are no longer at odds per his worldview. Instead, they are working together. Ultimately, the scene with Dim and Billboy is about power and Dim, the least promising droog in the beginning, is now in a position of power over his past father figure. He says with authority â€Å"I don’t remember them days too horrorshow. Don’t call me Dim no more, either. Officer call me† (161). In order to distinguish his current role from his past role, he states that he does not remember the past where he was once under the thrall of Alex. Even more important, he has a change of name which echoes the Biblical accounts where the characters change their names in order to define their new roles in the narrative (Saul to Paul, Abram to Abraham, Simon to Peter, etc.). Yet, how much has Dim changed from the beginning until this point in the narrative? As far as Alex is concerned, Dim has changed a great deal. Dim is no longer the child who Alex’s most violent and primal thoughts. Alex can no longer see Dim as a reflection of his own rampaging id nor can Alex treat Dim like a child. Alex cannot believe that Dim does not â€Å"pull his shlem off his Gulliver and go haw haw† (161), because it is such a monstrous joke that someone that Alex once considered to be his idiot child is now in power over him. However, Dim has only the barest hint of nostalgia for the old days. When Alex attempts to mock him for his lack of literacy, we have only Alex’s word that Dim was â€Å"very like gentle and like regretful† (162), before he pounded Alex in the face. As soon as Dim and Billyboy drive Alex out to the countryside, they beat him with the legal authority that Dim was missing at the beginning of the book. When they finally finish, Alex cannot tell Dim from Billboy. His former friends and enemies have merged into one being and they have found a way to take joy in the same violence that once was illegal. They are both still defined by violence and their criminal capacity for beating on people has become sanctioned by the state. One key moment is the end of the beating where â€Å"Dim just gave one of his old clowny guffs† (162-163). As much as Dim has changed position in life, this is telling us that Dim is still Dim. In Alex’s narrative, he does not allow Dim to be Officer because as far as Alex is concerned, Dim is always going to be Dim. In many ways, the book supports Alex in this bias. Alex changes from a violence-prone youth to a victim of the system. By contrast, Dim begins as a violent outsider who takes his orders from Alex, but remains violent. The main difference between Dim as an outsider and Dim as an insider is the fact that he takes his orders from a differe nt master. Final Dim Dim appears again at the end of the book when Alex is the victim of F. Alexander, the writer that he brutalized at the beginning of the book. The scene where Alex is being driven mad by a loud recording of Beethoven includes several memories of all that has happened to him thus far in the book which include a flashback to Dim and Billboy beating him. However, the more profound points comes when Alex is being prepared for the tortured. â€Å"Dim dim dim,’ F. Alexander kept saying in like a low mutter† (178), and this recitation of Dim is an effective method of conveying the ways that F. Alexander and Alex have changed positions within the context of the book. When Alex first encountered the writer, he was the brutalizer and F. Alexander was the victim. At the end of the book F. Alexander is the aggressor and Alex is the victim. However, in both cases, Dim is the unthinking golem-like creature who aids and abets in the torture. By invoking Dim in this final scene, Burgess is stating that no matter who is the victim and brutalizer, the social order requires the Dim character in order to carry out these brutalities. The master can only be the master as long as he has willing followers, and Dim proves that he is more than willing. Works Cited Burgess, Anthony. A Clockwork Orange. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2012. Print. Davis, Todd F. Womack, Kenneth. â€Å"O my Brothers: Reading the Anti-Ethics of the Pseudo-Family in Anthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange.† College Literature 29.2 (Spring 20020): 19-36. Print. Isaacs, Neil D. â€Å"Unstuck in Time: Clockwork Orange and Slaughterhouse –Five.† Literature and Film Quarterly 1.2 (Spring 1973): 122-131. Print. Kaposi, David. â€Å"The Unbearable Lightness of Identity: Membership, Tradition, and the Jewish Anti-Semite in Gershom Sholem’s Letter to Hannah Arendt. Critical Discourse Studies 6.4 (November 2009): 269-281.

What NOT To Bring To A College Dorm

HomeSurviveCollege LifeWhat NOT To Bring To A College DormThis page may contain affiliate links.Jan 7, 2020 Around the last week of August last year, just as the first Hello Kitty notebook hit the shelves at Target (signaling the start of the back-to-school frenzy), my older son and I started shopping for his dorm room. Ugh!It should have been fun—all the possibilities! But my son had very little enthusiasm for the process and I had very little patience. Thankfully we don’t have to do it again. But, if I did, I would have done it a little differently. I still wouldn’t have let him shop alone, though. Dorm Necessitiesas per My Son If I let my son pick out what he â€Å"needed† for his dorm room the list would have looked like this: 1. Food 2. TV 3. Xbox 4. Mini fridge He would never have thought about buying sheets (â€Å"I’ll just take the ones off my bed at home!†) or a shower caddy (â€Å"What’s a shower caddy†). Of course, not all kids would be as clueless†¦but it helps to have a parent tag along and it helps to have a plan. I’m here to help with that plan. I polled my older son’s friends, their parents, and my friends to find out what worthless items they purchased for dorm rooms—items that seemed essential or items that were on a list somewhere as a â€Å"Must Have† but were never—and have never—been used by an actual student. Heres that list. (You can thank me later.) Things You Should NOT Bring to College These are things I suggest you leave home on Move-In Day †¢ Too much clothing – specifically, according to one mom, â€Å"The twenty button-down shirts that my son HAD to have but never wore.† Two words: no space. †¢ Too much formal clothing – If you are in a fraternity or sorority or you have a major where you need to make formal presentations, you may need a suit jacket or a couple of dresses. You won’t need multiple suits, several dress shirts or five dresses and four pairs of formal shoes. See above: no space. †¢ Too many shoes – Again: no space. †¢ Real plates, knives, forks – use disposable. I know, I know, you are worried about your carbon footprint but, according to the kids, â€Å"you will never, ever clean the dirty plate/fork/knife,† and well, that’s just gross. †¢ Printer – â€Å"They take up a lot of space and there is a print room in every building.† †¢ Plastic cleaning gloves – Ok, I admit it. I packed these, and, not surprisingly, they returned home, unopened at the end of the year. †¢ Vacuum Cleaner– If you don’t already have one, don’t buy one. Someone down the hall will have one that your kid can borrow for the two times he actually vacuums. †¢ Laundry basket and a laundry bag – No room for both. Bring a collapsible laundry bag. †¢ A lot of hangers – â€Å"Extra shelves—maybe—would have collected more clothes,† according to one mom. †¢ Bulky luggage – Pack clothes in collapsible bags or use heavy-duty garbage bags for transport. These bags from IKEA have become the most popular things on kids lists. They can carry a ton, and they can be smushed under the bed when not in use. †¢ A Panini press or any other kitchen appliance – save it for an apartment Some kids do like a coffeemaker or tea kettle, but the kids I interviewed had no use for either one. †¢ An iron– this one depends on your kid. One boy swore by it. â€Å"College dryers tend to make clothes incredibly wrinkly,† he explained. While another girl said that she never took hers out of the closet. A drying rack can sometimes come in handy for wet workout wear or damp towels. But then again, no one on my list had that on their own list. Of course, this list is subjective. Dorm Room Items: Girls vs. Boys Kids are kids and no two are the same. Girls definitely require somewhat of a different list than most boys, so parents can plan accordingly. However, many of the items that parents think will make their kid feel like theyre at home, wont. And, whats worse, all those little knickknacks and extras, even the ones girls feel they must have, will find themselves back in your housemost likely your living room, when you kid returns for summer break. A better idea is to buy the absolute necessities, and then wait until your child settles in. We do have a list of the essentials, and we highly recommend you not stray too far from this list. Once the kids get the lay of the land, they may decide they want certain things and can live without others. If you dont follow that Golden Rule, you will be spending your hard-earned moneyI mean, WASTING your heard-earned money on stuff.

Paper on Customer Retention - 1638 Words

INTRODUCTION Customer retention is the activity that a selling organization undertakes in order to reduce customer defections. Successful customer retention starts with the first contact an organization has with a customer and continues throughout the entire lifetime of a relationship. A company’s ability to attract and retain new customers, is not only related to its product or services, but strongly related to the way it services its existing customers and the reputation it creates within and across the marketplace. Customer retention is more than giving the customer what they expect; it’s about exceeding their expectations so that they become loyal advocates for your brand. Creating customer loyalty puts ‘customer value rather than†¦show more content†¦All gung-ho and fresh out of the gate, startup entrepreneurs often find it more exciting to focus on customer addition, but ignoring customer attrition could eventually spell their downfall. In the spirit of Ben Franklin’s age-old idiom that â€Å"a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush†, here’s a look at five customer retention tips for entrepreneurs. Never Underestimate the Value of Retention For those who feel that customer retention plays a relatively minor role in helping a company grow a healthy bottom line, here are a few statistics you might be interested in. According to Bain and Co., a 5% increase in customer retention can increase a company’s profitability by 75%. And if those numbers don’t impress you, Gartner Group statistics tell us that 80% of your company’s future revenue will come from just 20% of your existing customers. Still not sold on customer retention? One final statistic provided by Lee Resource Inc. should give you plenty to think about: Attracting new customers will cost your company 5 times more than keeping an existing customer. 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What Is Creative Nonfiction

Similar to literary journalism, creative nonfiction is a branch of writing that employs the literary techniques usually associated with fiction or poetry to report on actual persons, places, or events. The genre of creative nonfiction (also known as literary nonfiction) is broad enough to include travel writing, nature writing, science writing, sports writing, biography, autobiography, memoir, the interview, and both the familiar and personal essay. Examples of Creative Nonfiction Coney Island at Night, by James HunekerAn Experiment in Misery, by Stephen CraneIn Mammoth Cave, by John BurroughsOutcasts in Salt Lake City, by James Weldon JohnsonRural Hours, by Susan Fenimore CooperThe San Francisco Earthquake, by Jack LondonThe Watercress Girl, by Henry Mayhew Observations Creative nonfiction . . . is fact-based writing that remains compelling, undiminished by the passage of time, that has at heart an interest in enduring human values: foremost a fidelity to accuracy, to truthfulness.(Carolyn Forchà © and Philip Gerard, Introduction, Writing Creative Nonfiction. Story Press, 2001)What Is Creative About Nonfiction?It takes a whole semester to try to answer that, but here are a few points: The creativity lies in what you choose to write about, how you go about doing it, the arrangement through which you present things, the skill and the touch with which you describe people and succeed in developing them as characters, the rhythms of your prose, the integrity of the composition, the anatomy of the piece (does it get up and walk around on its own?), the extent to which you see and tell the story that exists in your material, and so forth. Creative nonfiction is not making something up but making the most of what you have.(John McPhee, Omission. The New Yo rker, September 14, 2015)A Checklist for Writers of Creative Nonfiction[There] is a significant way in which creative nonfiction differs from journalism. Subjectivity is not required in creative nonfiction, but specific, personal points of view, based on fact and conjecture, are definitely encouraged...(Lee Gutkind, The Creative Nonfiction Police? In Fact. W.W. Norton Company, 2005)Common Elements of Creative Nonfiction[Creative nonfiction] can be identified by these common elements: personal presence (the authors self as spectator or participant, whether on the page or behind the scenes), self-discovery and self-motivation, flexibility of form (the tendency for the form to arise from the content rather than the content to be contorted to fit an inverted pyramid or five-paragraph or similarly prescriptive model), veracity (to paraphrase Annie Dillard, rendering the real world coherent and meaningful either analytically or artistically), and literary approaches (drawing on narrative techniques also used in fiction or lyrical language also used in poetry or dramatic rendering of scenes or cinematic uses of pacing and focus).(Robert L. Root, The Nonfictionists Guide: On Reading and Writing Creative Nonfiction. Rowman Littlefield, 2008)Walt Whitman on Writing About Real ThingsWhatever may be the case in years gone by, the true use of the imaginative faculty of modern times is to give ultimate vivification to facts, to science, and to common lives, endowing them with the glows and glories and final illustriousness which belong to every real thing, and to real things only.(Walt Whitman, A Backward Glance Oer Traveld Roads, 1888) Also Known As literary nonfiction, literary journalism, literature of fact

Quasi-Experimental Group Design To Compare Recidivism...

Methods Research Design The current study will utilize a quasi-experimental group design to compare recidivism rates of opioid offenders in drug courts compared to offenders on probation. Since, random assignment to control and experimental groups are not feasible, the two groups will be matched on various demographic characteristics as well as the current choice of drug. The data will be collected on all participants that have entered the Brooklyn Treatment Court, NY (BTC) in the second judicial district, and a comparison group of offenders on traditional probation. Sample The BTC offers substance abuse treatment for nonviolent felony and misdemeanor drug offenders arrested in Brooklyn as an alternative to incarceration. Therefore, the†¦show more content†¦The primary interest within the independent variable is to determine whether participation in drug courts decreases the probability of recidivism. To evaluate this concern, the current study will analyze whether receiving treatment in a drug court versus the comparison group of probationers will affect various outcomes. Finally, gender, race, age, and education will also be included in the analysis as control variables. Dependent Variable. The effectiveness and the impact of the drug court will be assessed by analyzing the recidivism rates between the treatment group and the comparison group of probationers. Recidivism will be measured by examining both felony and misdemeanor charges and arrests, and drug related arrests will further be examined. Outcome data pertaining to arrests will be collected from the months of June, July, and August of 2016, allowing for an average follow-up time of 517 days. The data to be collected will include official rearrest results upon the completion of the drug treatment program and upon the completion of a probation sentence for the comparison group. Through the arrest results, further examination will be conducted on the severity of the crimes committed and whether they involved drug offenses. Data Collection To assess the effectiveness of drug court programs on opioid offenders compared to offenders sentenced to traditional probation, official arrest results will be gathered from the database of the New York City police department

George Washington Carver Difficult Path to Great...

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History Of The Department Of Homeland Security Example For Students

History Of The Department Of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security is an agency made up of 22 different federal agencies which were combined in an effort to streamline the United States effectiveness in defending our nation. The Department of Homeland Security states its core mission include â€Å"prevent terrorism and enhancing security, secure and manage our borders, enforce and administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace, ensure resilience to disasters† (Department of Homeland Security, 2015). DHS employs over 240,000 employees tasked with various responsibilities and in 2016 has a budget of $41.2 billion. The Department of Homeland Security was created in response to attacks that occurred on the world trade center on September 11 2001. At the time of this writing there have been four secretaries of the department of Homeland Security appointed by two different presidents. The attacks on the world trade center would change the how the United States viewed terrorism and how it organized its domestic defense. The agencies that make up The Department of Homeland Security, individually have an immense amount of responsibilities and they all bring a vast amount of expertise to the DHS. Even though these numerous agencies help make up the DHS the issues of changing structures and combining multiple agencies in a new agency would prove challenging. The DHS is consistently scrutinized by the American people as well as the government of the United States, with different issues occurring within its vast agencies it has created a new challenge for the DHS to face. Listed below is short history as well as an overview of the agencies that make it up the Department of Homeland Security. HISTORY The Department of Homeland Security was originally suggested by the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century in February 23 1999. They wrote in the phase III report â€Å"We therefore recommend the creation of an independent National Homeland Security Agency (NHSA) with responsibility for planning, coordinating, and integrating various U.S. government activities involved in homeland security† (The United States Commission on National Security/21st Century, 2001). While this was suggested in the report, congress would not take any action. The Attacks on the world trade center on September 11 would fast track the need for the sharing information and intelligence across multiple agencies. The first Director of the Office of Homeland Security would be appointed on September 22 2001, just eleven days after the attack on world trade center (Department of Homeland Security, 2015). Tom Ridge would be appointed by President George W. Bush to the position of Director of the Office of Homeland Security. Tom Ridge previously a member of the House of Representatives and Governor of the state of Pennsylvania. Would serve as the Director Homeland Security until 2005. The Department of Homeland Security would begin in after the attacks on the United States. The Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council would be officially created by President George w. Bush on October 8, 2001 with the issuing of Executive Order 13228 (Federation of american scientists, n.d.). The Department of Homeland security would be made official by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. The bill was passed by congress and signed by President George W. Bush in 2003. AGENCIES There were 22 agencies that made up the Department of Homeland Security, This will give a brief overview of the agencies and what they do. The U.S. Customs Service dating back to the formation of the United States, tasked with collecting tariffs on incoming goods for from foreign countries. Today members of Immigration inspectors, U.S. Customs Service, Agriculture inspectors, and Border Patrol agents make up U.S. Customs and Border Protection (U.S. Customs and Border Protection, n.d.). The Immigration and Naturalization Service established in 1864 as a federal immigration agency. In 1933 the new Immigration and Naturalization Service was made by Executive Order 6166 signed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt as member of the department of justice (LERNER, 2004). Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) became a part of The Department of Homeland Security in 2003. The Federal Protective Service origins began 1790 with the presidential authorization allowing the appointment of commissioner’s to create federal land for us government use. The commissioners employed six security guards that guarded buildings that would be used a government buildings. The FPS would evolve over time becoming a member of the public building service and guard a large amount of America’s federal interest (House Report 106-676 FEDERAL PROTECTIVE SERVICE REFORM ACT OF 2000 , n.d.). Catcher In The Rye Essay ConclusionNational Infrastructure Protection Center created in 1998 under the Federal Bureau of Investigation. NIPC was made up of multiple agencies responsible for defense agencies included FBI, CIA, NSA, Department of Transportation, Department of Energy, and Department of Defense (Free Encyclopedia of Ecommerce , n.d.). NIPC became the Office of Infrastructure Protection who responsible is to protect national infrastructure. Energy Security and Assurance Program designed to ensure energy protection originally handled by the department of Energy would be dispersed into the Office of Infrastructure Protection (The Department of Homeland Security, 2015). U.S. Coast Guard beginnings date back to the American Revolution was one of the first military organizations in the United States pre dating the formation of the US Navy. The U.S. Coast Guard originally functioned as revenue cutters. The U.S. Revenue Service and the U.S. Life-Saving Service would be joined together in 1915 to create the U.S. Coast guard known today. The US Coast Guard has 11 missions and they are defined as â€Å" Ports, waterways, and coastal security, Drug interdiction, Aids to navigation, Search and rescue, Living marine resources, Marine safety, Defense readiness, Migrant interdiction, Marine environmental protection, Ice operations, Other law enforcement† (United States Coast Guard, 2014). The U.S. Coast Guard can operate under the Department of the Navy upon presidential directive. The US Coast Guard was transferred form the Department of Transportation to the Department of Homeland security in 2003. U.S. Secret Service established in 1865 to stop counterfeiting of currency and then expanded to investigate fraud against the US Government. Under the Department of Treasury they would also become tasked with presidential protection. Today they are responsible for multiple different responsibilities including protection of leaders of different countries as well as those of the United States and investigations in to fraud financially, electronically, and communications (United States Secret Service , n.d.). The US Secret Service was transferred form the Department of Treasury to the Department of Homeland Security in 2003. SECRETARIES. There has been four secretaries of The Department of Homeland security, they are listed below. Tom Ridge: January 24, 2003 – February 1, 2005. Tom Ridge previously a member of congress and a governor of the state of Pennsylvania, was the first person to become the secretary of the DHS by President George W. Bush (The Department of Homeland Security, 2014). Michael Chertoff February 15, 2005 – January 21, 2009 was the second secretary of DHS he previously was a federal judge on the U.S. court of appeals, federal prosecutor, and a United States District attorney for the state of New Jersey. He is accredited in strengthening many of the programs in the DHS. Michael Chertoff was also appointed by President George W. Bush (The Department of Homeland Security, 2014). Janet Napolitano January 20, 2009 – September 6, 2013 was previously governor of the State of Arizona and appointed as the third Secretary of the DHS my President Barak Obama (The Department of Homeland Security, 2013). Jeh Johnson December 23, 2013 – is the fourth secretary of the DHS previously work in National Security, law enforcement and also work as was General Counsel of the Department of the Air Force. Secretary Johnson was appointed to secretary of the DHS by President Barack Obama and is the current secretary (The Department of Homeland Security, 2014). DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TODAY. The DHS has had a lot of hurdles from its creation and still to this day battles with concerns of relevance and budgetary issues. The future will bring with it a lot of changes in how the Department of Homeland security will operate. With Cyber-attacks increasing and the ever present risk of terrorist attacks from foreign and domestic terrorist the DHS will need to keep one step ahead of new emerging threats. FEMA is still living in the shadow of its response to the disaster during hurricane Katrina, it received positive response for its response to hurricane Sandy. The Secret Service faces issues with break-ins to the white house and misconduct scandals, all of which reflects poorly on the DHS. Reports have recently been issued which paint the DHS in a poor light as far as working conditions for employees. No government group or agency has been without its blemishes and the fact the DHS is relatively young it will continue it should be able to improve and meet the demands of securing the nation.